The Facts About News Report Revealed

Not known Facts About News Report


News press reporters may in some cases need making use of copyright product, such as short textual extracts or clips from video clip footage, to report existing occasions. There is an exception to copyright for information coverage that enables press reporters to make use of others' job under certain circumstances. In order to report present occasions, the press reporter may make use of copyright materials to supply information to the general public in connection to the respective occasions.


In order to generate the present concern, they want to bring into play a variety of different resources such as publications, magazines, papers, film supply and the net. In some cases, they will certainly have the ability to publish ideas and info laid out in these sources without duplicating the expression used to communicate such concepts and information.




News ReportNews Report
The criteria needed for utilizing the exemption are clarified in even more information listed below: You can not utilize pictures protected under copyright for reporting current events without acquiring the approval of the corresponding copyright proprietor. The exemption puts on use of all other types of copyright materials, but not photographs. You can utilize copyright products apart from photos if the function is truly for reporting present occasions.




The Buzz on News Report


The occasion itself should be present. What constitutes a present event is interpreted freely.


The information reporting exception can be made use of if the coverage of the current occasions is intended for public consumption. News that is customized for special usage by a particular group of individuals for exclusive industrial objectives would not be appropriate. You can use copyright product for the function of reporting current events given your use of material is reasonable.




Is or would your use of the copyright product be in business competitors with the copyright proprietor's exploitation of the product? Are you actually utilizing copyright material to report on present events or are you pursuing another purpose?


Reprinting historical personal correspondence of a public number just since they have just recently died would not always be appropriate. Third, what is the amount of copyright product utilized and what is its value? A considerable amount of the product can be utilized offered that it is not extreme and only what is required to report the present event is made use of.




The 9-Minute Rule for News Report


Ask on your own: Is it really essential to use the quantity of material and the sort of product for the function of reporting the existing occasion? Lastly, you must include an acknowledgement to determine the maker of the job and the title of the material. It is the writer that ought to be recognized and not the owner of the copyright.


It is not adequate to make a simple recommendation in a newspaper article to the fact that the tale originates with one more paper. This requirement does not constantly have actually to be observed. News Report. The writer must be clearly determined for all copyright materials utilized unless you are utilizing audio recordings, movie or programs and it is difficult to offer credit history to the maker for factors of usefulness or otherwise


If it has not, and especially if the material has actually been acquired by a breach of confidence or other mean or underhand dealing, the courts will hesitate to state this is fair. This is by no means definitive, for occasionally it is essential for the objectives of genuine public dispute to make use this website of "leaked" information.




How News Report can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.


In the substantial landscape of information journalism, the significance of technological writing typically goes undetected. This write-up checks out the underrated impact of technical writing, highlighting its contribution to precision, reliability, and understanding in news coverage.


Technical creating plays an important duty in achieving this goal. When it pertains to newspaper article, technological creating guarantees that info is communicated precisely, fairly, and briefly. For those brand-new to the field, understanding and applying technical creating tips for beginners is important. Information write-ups function as a key resource of information for the public, shaping their understandings and understanding of the globe.


Technical creating removes obscurity, guaranteeing that visitors can trust the accuracy of the news they consume. By employing technical writing in newspaper article, reporters can prevent false impression and distortion of details. This is particularly important when reporting on marginalised communities, that have actually traditionally been misstated or underrepresented in information insurance coverage.


When viewers have the ability to comprehend the information existing, they are much more likely to create enlightened viewpoints and make educated decisions. Clear and succinct language likewise assists to build trust fund and credibility with viewers. When information short articles are written in an uncomplicated way, visitors are most likely to see the information as trusted and credible.




News Report Things To Know Before You Buy


In a time where false information and fake news prevail, the role of technological writing in news journalism can not be overemphasized. It is via precise and strenuous technical writing methods that news organisations can reclaim and maintain the depend on of their target markets. By prioritising accuracy, clarity, and professionalism and reliability in their writing, information reporters can make sure that their records are qualified, trustworthy, helpful hints and deserving of the general public's trust.


Marginalised neighborhoods are specifically at risk to misrepresentation and underrepresentation in the media, and the language used in newspaper article can perpetuate dangerous stereotypes or more marginalise these areas. For that reason, it is important for click to investigate reporters to be mindful of the language they use and the effect it can have on the narrative and understanding of information events.


This needs a commitment to inclusivity, empathy, and an understanding of the power that language keeps in shaping the method we comprehend the world. Technical writing in news reporting contributes to clarity and precision by providing clear descriptions, succinct language, and exact terms. It makes certain that intricate info is obtainable to a vast target market, boosting the influence and reputation of information journalism.




News Report Things To Know Before You Buy


News ReportNews Report
It helps reveal blunders and noninclusions and, by extension, to correct useless behaviors and patterns in a method that advantages the whole. In the age of fake information, credible journalism is incoming a fight for survival.


Regrettably, the majority of people choose to read, pay attention to, or view a simplified and convenient variation of advancements, rather than having occasions presented to them in their full intricacy (News Report). They favor black-and-white in a globe where "we" are white and the "others" are black. Everything is just less complicated to ingest this way

 

Excitement About Online News Article

A Biased View of Online News Article


There are a few reasons analysis before bed is excellent for your sleeping practices. Online News Article. The main reason is the reduction in tension, stress and anxiety and muscular tension linked with analysis. Helping you unwind and unwind before sleep can make a difference in being able to brush off anxious ideas and permit your consciousness to drop off


Hereof, literary fiction acts as a bridge to better recognize various other individuals and perspectives that are significantly different from ours. Although participants in the study were tested on their responses after checking out non-fiction, genre (popular) fiction and literary fiction, the outcomes especially determines literary fiction as having an impact on empathy.




Online News ArticleOnline News Article
Have you come across the saying 'not all visitors are leaders, however all leaders are viewers'? Well, there's a whole lot of fact because. Many historical leaders were known to be devoted viewers, and a few of the most effective magnate such as Costs Gates, Oprah Winfrey and Elon Musk have connected reading with their profession success.




The Basic Principles Of Online News Article


A research of the globe's wealthiest individuals found that the only characteristic in typical was the fact that they review. This was echoed in a study in the UK, which revealed that typically, the greater the socio-economic group an individual belongs in, the more frequently they read. The link in between analysis and success is believed to be driven by the wish for understanding.


For many, the act of reading is a singular act however this does not have to be the situation. Reviewing can be turned right into a social occasion by finding a similar team of buddies or members of your neighborhood and joining a publication group.




Reading and reviewing publications have the effect of getting a deeper understanding of the tale with listening and discussing different points of sight. There are different choices for publication teams, from online and social media book clubs to face-to-face publication groups (Online News Article).


In the previous couple of decades, the lucky amongst us have identified the hazards of dealing with a surplus of food (weight problems, diabetic issues) and have actually started to alter our diet regimens. However most of us do not yet recognize that information is to the mind what sugar is to the body. Information is very easy to absorb.




10 Easy Facts About Online News Article Explained


That's why we experience virtually no saturation. Unlike reviewing publications and lengthy publication articles (which call for reasoning), we can swallow unlimited quantities of news flashes, which are bright-coloured sweets for the mind. Today, we have reached the very same point in regard to details that we dealt with 20 years earlier in respect click here for more to food.


Take the complying with event (obtained from Nassim Taleb). A cars and truck drives over a bridge, and the bridge breaks down. What does the news media concentrate on? The car. The individual in the automobile. Where he came from. discover this info here Where he intended to go. Exactly how he experienced the crash (if he endured). Yet that is all pointless.


That's the underlying threat that has been lurking, and might prowl in various other bridges. The automobile is flashy, it's remarkable, it's an individual (non-abstract), and it's news that's affordable to produce. News leads us to stroll about with the totally wrong threat map in our heads. Terrorism is over-rated.




8 Simple Techniques For Online News Article


The pertinent vs. the brand-new is the basic fight of the existing age. Media organisations want you to believe that information deals you some type of an affordable benefit.




Online News ArticleOnline News Article
In fact, news intake is a competitive downside. The less information you consume, the bigger the advantage you have. Information things are bubbles standing out on the surface of a deeper globe.


If even more info causes higher economic success, we would certainly anticipate journalists to be on top of the pyramid. That's not the situation. It constantly activates the limbic system. Panicky tales spur the release of cascades of glucocorticoid (cortisol). This decontrols your immune system and hinders the release of growth hormones.


High glucocorticoid levels trigger impaired digestion, lack of growth (cell, hair, bone), uneasiness and susceptibility to infections. The various other possible side-effects include concern, aggressiveness, tunnel-vision and desensitisation. News feeds the mom of all cognitive mistakes: verification bias. In the words of Warren Buffett: "What the human is best at doing is analyzing all brand-new details to make sure that their previous verdicts stay intact." News intensifies this problem.




The 20-Second Trick For Online News Article


It additionally aggravates one more cognitive mistake: the navigate to these guys story prejudice. Our minds hunger for stories that "make sense" also if they don't correspond to fact.




Online News ArticleOnline News Article
People find it very difficult to recognise what's relevant. It's much easier to identify what's brand-new. The pertinent versus the new is the basic battle of the current age. Media organisations desire you to believe that information deals you some type of a competitive benefit. Lots of loss for that.


In truth, information intake is an affordable downside. The less news you consume, the bigger the benefit you have. Story are bubbles popping on the surface area of a much deeper world. Will building up facts help you recognize the globe? Unfortunately, no. The connection is inverted. The important tales are non-stories: sluggish, powerful activities that establish listed below reporters' radar but have a transforming result.




The smart Trick of Online News Article That Nobody is Discussing


If more information causes higher financial success, we 'd expect reporters to be on top of the pyramid. That's not the case. It frequently sets off the limbic system. Panicky tales stimulate the launch of cascades of glucocorticoid (cortisol). This deregulates your body immune system and inhibits the release of development hormones.


High glucocorticoid degrees cause damaged food digestion, lack of development (cell, hair, bone), anxiety and vulnerability to infections. The other possible side-effects consist of fear, aggressiveness, tunnel-vision and desensitisation. News feeds the mommy of all cognitive errors: confirmation prejudice. In the words of Warren Buffett: "What the person is best at doing is analyzing all new info to ensure that their previous verdicts remain intact." News intensifies this defect.


It additionally aggravates another cognitive mistake: the tale prejudice. Our minds hunger for tales that "make good sense" even if they don't correspond to fact. Any journalist that creates, "The marketplace moved due to X" or "the company went insolvent because of Y" is a moron. I am fed up with this cheap method of "clarifying" the world.

 

News Report Today for Dummies

The Only Guide for News Report Today


Today, however, words objectivity is so contested inside the journalistic neighborhood that it is watched by many as self-discrediting in the dispute over the function of journalism. I continue to think that objectivityor if words is just way too much of a diversion, broad-minded inquiryremains a value worth aiming for.




News Report TodayNews Report Today
What does independence look like in method, and what selections does it need of journalists? The most vital component is treating freedom as a self-control, backed by processes and principles created to cultivate it. At the Times, similar to many other conventional wire service, the dedication to freedom is shown at every stage of our journalistic initiatives.


Language is continuously changing, and news organizations ought to move also. Yet one of the methods propagandists and advocates attempt to steer protection to advance their agendas is to win the battle over terminology. Because of this we usually attempt to utilize the day-to-day language of the public, what we call idiomatic English, instead than the specialized language welcomed by academics, activists, and marketing experts.


It does not make them outmoded. It makes them a lot more essential," wrote Marty Baron, former executive editor of the Washington Message, in a current essay on this style. "And it requires that we apply them a lot more constantly and implement them much more strongly." Independent journalism can be ethically uncomplicated and gratifying.




See This Report about News Report Today


Reporters disclose injustice and inequality. Their work regularly brings about a society that is freer, fairer, and more simply. This is the kind of journalism seen in movies like All the Head of state's Male, Limelight, and She Stated. Freedom shields journalism from being misshaped by organization rewards. The fact that Harvey Weinstein was a long time marketer in the Times didn't keep us from disclosing the abuses that established off a waterfall that ultimately landed him behind bars.


These dedications are widely accepted as essential concepts of an independent wire service. A real commitment to independenceand the insistence on placing journalistic process ahead of a preferred outcomeisn't constantly simple or comfortable (News Report Today). One of the best indications of independence is that viewers are often informed points they don't expect and would certainly like not to hear




This was the story one of our press reporters was prepared to tell when she spoke with four young sis in a refugee camp, who stated just how soldiers burned their home, killed their mommy, and abducted their father, who was now been afraid dead. Yet days of click for more info additional coverage revealed that little of what they claimed was real.


In both instances, critics asked that might possibly profit from such journalism. Culture advantages, obviously, considering that it relies on trustworthy info to make any kind of number of related decisions, from dispersing aid to alleviation companies to enforcing sanctions for civils rights violations. The fact advantages, also, as does the reputation of those sharing it.




The Definitive Guide for News Report Today


News Report TodayNews Report Today
Also if it's not always popular, the self-control of following the truths anywhere they lead is far extra straightforward than coming to grips with the tricky concerns that arise when the facts can not be totally established. The variety of subjects that are factually or morally distinct is overshadowed by the variety of subjects marked in some way by uncertainty, where truths are unsettled or inquiries are still based on discuss.


In cases in which the facts have actually been developed beyond reasonable dispute, journalists ought to not price quote a fringe setting to check a box or secure their work from complaints of predisposition. There is, as an example, no serious argument in the scientific area about the reality of climate adjustment. The globe is warming up, with ravaging effects.


COVID injections function. Trump lost the 2020 political election. However even in minutes when the facts are past affordable dispute, there can be practical disagreements about just how society should interpret and act upon those visit this web-site truths. What specifically should be done to reduce the impacts of environment change? Should people embracing anti-Semitism be barred from social media sites? Should vaccination needs be linked to work? Should certain legal actions be taken to safeguard elections? Independent journalism need to not avoid fully checking out such controversial inquiries, also if some urge that the truth has actually already been established - News Report Today.


Ladies should have equivalent civil liberties. People should not be tortured. At the exact same time, there are many relevant inquiries society is discussing and independent journalism needs to check out, even if the bigger reference principle is past question. Should race be an aspect in university admissions? Under what situations should abortion be permitted? What approaches of threat serve in a battle zone? There can be a lure to try to steer these disputes based on our personal views or our feeling of just how background will resolve the matter, believing that represents an extra sincere and authentic form of journalism.




What Does News Report Today Do?


News Report TodayNews Report Today
The issue in each case, and much more like them, was that conventional knowledge isn't constantly right, and also when it turns out to be, it profits from penetrating and testing. Assessing these disputes is one reason that the journalistic process is developed around hearing from a diversity of voices.


But it likewise is why reporters gain from the added eyes of editors, not simply for style and accuracy, yet to make certain the concerns they include are rather stood for and contextualized (News Report Today). When journalism prospers in lighting up concerns and debates, it not only helps individuals much better recognize those with whom they differ, it aids them much better acknowledge the differences they have with individuals they believed they agreed withand it can aid culture step conversations regarding these issues toward resolution

 

The Buzz on Online News

The smart Trick of Online News That Nobody is Discussing


In the event study covering sporting activities gambling, Dr. Online News. Mortiz discovered just how disputes of interest can endanger a journalist's honesty and impartiality. Reporters have to decline presents, fees, unique therapy, and avoid political activities that could influence their protection. When journalists publish their work, they have an ongoing responsibility to response to the public and immediately deal with any type of blunders


Discover more regarding St. Bonaventure College's Online Master of Arts in Digital Journalism or Online Master of Arts in Sports Journalism..


Papers and various other outlets should have an area in the class, but just how does that come about? I said yes, honestly not knowing what NIE was precisely referring to, however that decision was one of the ideal points that I have ever made a decision to do.




Online News Fundamentals Explained


The goal is to educate pupils by educating them of what takes place in their community. Despite how couple of outlets stress this aspect of their solution, the concept has actually been around for a very long time. At the Atlanta Journal-Constitution special editions of documents made use of to be provided to teachers and schools joining the program.


This web page, provided in part by Information in Education and learning, was no longer working out for both the Atlanta Journal-Constitution and the teachers and students who were no longer being served by this. Something required to alter, but like many troubles: identification is the simple part, and the service is where truth difficulty is.


This section of the internet site is complimentary to accessibility, and provides excellent product to both trainees and educators. From contests to once a week lessons, the New York Times supplies a wealth of material for classrooms, however it is how that web content is used that other newsrooms ought to repeat. The New York City Times does not simply write a lesson or make a video for trainees to watch, however supplies networks for both instructors and pupils to engage, comment and give feedback on the service.




The Basic Principles Of Online News


Online NewsOnline News
Students are motivated to talk about write-ups and also produce a certain amount of material via the section's editorial competitions. On the other hand, for pupils desiring to discover more regarding journalism, tutorials and lessons from reporters themselves appear on the site. Even more than simply informing class of present events, The Knowing Network picks up from students and teachers via interaction just how to make their experience much better and how to finest run.


Emphasis will not just get on education and learning, however on educating the trainees in their class of what is taking place in their areas - Online News. While the procedure is still recurring, right now we have actually done an excellent quantity of research and mock-ups for how we think the service will resemble


While adjustment can be great, shedding a whole sector that plays a crucial function in our society will certainly damage the united state, and potentially the globe, even more than individuals believe. "Papers are the first outline of history," said Thomas Kuhn, background and government educator. Papers have been a necessary type of media for centuries throughout the world.


As generations keep obtaining older, the newspaper market keeps obtaining smaller sized. "Papers report on the huge news around the globe, yet regional papers can bring a community together," stated Kate Siltman, younger journalism trainee.




Some Ideas on Online News You Should Know


Online NewsOnline News
They are given to everybody for any individual to check out. What would occur to the individuals that are reliant on newspapers if newspapers ended up being a shed item of history?


And news demands to be born in mind in the form of papers, which end up being historic files. While the print market is shedding vapor, the on-line publication company and social media are on the surge. A lot of news business are making the switch to online publication.


"We can take place Facebook and locate the same posts we would find in a newspaper absolutely free," claimed Siltman. While the net enables quicker distribution of the information and easier prompt access, the deepness of details is often shed with on the internet publications. "Individuals commonly skip over the headings while they get on their phones, yet with newspapers, they review the headings and review the web content that adheres to," claimed Kuhn.


"If the federal government manages the information and press, then the government controls you," stated Kuhn. why not try these out Newspapers have a function in our democracy by "checking" or being the "watchdog" for all of the her comment is here various other branches of government, similar to the ways every one of the branches inspect each other. The press is understood as the "4th estate" of the federal government.




Getting My Online News To Work


The authors of Stanton stated, "Keep throwing it on our lawn. We rejoice to have it!".


They are offered to every person for anybody to check out. What would happen to the individuals who are dependent on newspapers if newspapers ended up being a lost piece of background?




Siltman added, "Checking out [information] off of a screen is not as conveniently remembered." And news requirements to be remembered in the form of papers, which become historical papers. While the print industry is shedding heavy steam, the online publication service and social media are on the surge. Most news business are making the button to online magazine.


"We can take place Facebook and find the same short articles we would find in a paper free of cost," claimed Siltman. While the internet enables quicker shipment of the news and simpler instant accessibility, the deepness of info is often lost with on the internet magazines. "People commonly skip over the headings while they are on their phones, but with papers, they review the headings and review the web content that complies with," stated Kuhn.




Facts About Online News Revealed


"If the government regulates the information and press, then the government controls you," claimed Kuhn. Papers have a function in our democracy by "examining" or being the "guard dog" for all of the various other branches of government, comparable to the methods every one of the branches inspect each other. Journalism is referred to as the "fourth estate" of the federal government.


The Visit Website writers of Stanton claimed, "Maintain tossing it on our yard. We rejoice to have it!".

 

News Websites Can Be Fun For Anyone

The Best Strategy To Use For News Websites


Crucial reasoning skills can be developed by: going over just how choice of words, video clips and images can transform how you consider informationidentifying relied on resources of details and reviewing what makes something trustworthyteaching children to examine the integrity and the resource for information, both online and in other media. While older individuals may assume of their online and offline lives as very various points, youngsters and teens can discover this splitting up perplexing.




News WebsitesNews Websites
Approximately 2014, the PCC regulationed in the UK, yet there was no clear difference in between authentic on-line papers and discussion forums or blogs. In 2007, a ruling was passed to officially regulate UK-based on the internet newspapers, news sound, and information video sites covering the obligations anticipated of them and to improve what is, and what is not an on the internet information magazine.




Some newspapers have tried to integrate the Internet right into every facet of their operations, e.g., the writing of tales for both print and online, and identified advertisements showing up in both media, while other newspaper websites might be fairly various from the equivalent published newspaper. A very early example of an "online-only" newspaper or publication was (PLATO) Information Record, an on the internet paper created by Bruce Parrello in 1974 on the PLATO system at the University of Illinois.


This has actually been hard. Newspapers with specialized audiences such as and successfully cost membership costs. A lot of newspapers have an on-line version, including,,,, and.




The 4-Minute Rule for News Websites


In Australia, the majority of significant papers use an online variation, with or without a paywalled. News Websites registration alternative. In Algeria, the variety of everyday visitors of news websites and online editions of newspapers goes beyond the variety of everyday readers of print papers given that completion of 2016. An online-only paper has no print-media connections.


An additional early instance is "Bangla2000", also introduced in 2000, which was published twice daily from Bangladesh and Edited by Tukun Mahmud Nurul Momen. Unlike the UK Southport Reporter, it was not a local newspaper.


They drop under appropriate press regulations and are authorized up to the official UK press regulator IMPRESS. allNovaScotia is an online paper based in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada that publishes service and political news 6 days a week. The web site was the very first online-only newspaper in Atlantic Canada and has lagged a paywall given that beginning in 2001. As of 2009, the decline of the traditional business model of print newspapers has actually led to numerous efforts to develop neighborhood, local or national online-only newspapers - publications that do original reporting, instead than simply commentary or summaries of reporting from other publications. Today, advertisement earnings for electronic types of newspapers is nearly 25%, while print is constituting the continuing to be 75%. Crossbreed newspapers are primarily focused on online content, yet additionally generate a print type.


The New York City Times is an instance of this version of the paper as it supplies both a home distribution print registration and an electronic one too. There are some papers which are mainly on-line, but likewise supply minimal tough duplicate posting An example is annarbor.com, which browse around this site changed the Ann Arbor News in the summer of 2009.


Other trends show that this business model is being taken on by numerous papers with the growth of electronic media. The turn to crossbreed publishing versions has been appropriate with the raising value of social media platforms to share news, especially amongst 18-24 group. In 2013, the Reuters Institute commissioned a cross-country study on news consumption, and gathered information associated with online paper use that emphasizes the lack of usage of paid online newspaper solutions.




How News Websites can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.


All samples within each country were nationally representative. Fifty percent of the example reportedly spent for a print paper in the previous 7 days, and only one-twentieth of the example spent for online information in the past 7 days. That only 5% of the sample had recently paid for on-line newspaper gain access to is most likely due to the fact that the majority of people gain access to information that is totally free.


Furthermore, people aged in between 25 and 34 are extra ready to pay for digital news than older people throughout all nations. This is in line web with the Seat Proving ground's finding in a survey of united state Americans that the Net is a leading resource of news for individuals younger than 50.


The number of times a short article gets shared on matters for lobbyists, politicians, authors, online-publishers and advertisers (News Websites). They thus have an interest in understanding the number of shares, preferably even anticipating it prior to the short article is being released. With new techniques of such as it is feasible to acquire understandings right into the core qualities of a post




The Single Strategy To Use For News Websites


News WebsitesNews Websites
Said "dataset concerning on-line information appeal". includes 39,644 observations and 60 feasible features, that have actually been gathered over 2 years from 2013 to 2015. The features are visite site composed of variables explaining words, web links, digital media, time, search phrases, insights from and the number of article shares. With the dataset being openly readily available, a reasonable amount of data analysis has actually been conducted.


30 November 2020. The verdict is, that the average keyword phrases within a post and the ordinary appeal of claimed keywords have the greatest impact on the amount of shares a short article gets.


On the various other hand, the day of publication is lesser when it involves forecasting the popularity of the short article. Steffens, Brian L. (March 2006). "Newspapers Recreate Their Medium". eJournal U.S.A.. U.S. Department of State's Bureau of International Information Programs. Archived from the original on Mar 14, 2007. "P-01: UK Copyright Law reality sheet".


Archived from the initial on Sep 28, 2007. Andersen, Kurt (15 February 2007). "You Have to Be Streaming". NYMag. Archived from the original on Nov 29, 2023. Silberman, Steve (17 March 1997). Wired. Archived from the initial on Apr 29, 2023. Shedden, David (2004-12-16). "New Media Timeline (1980 )". Poynter. Archived from the original on Feb 3, 2024.




The Facts About News Websites Uncovered


Retrieved November 12, 2017. BBC News. Retrieved 2016-10-10.

 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15